Centrifugal pumps operate on the principle of centrifugal force. At their core, these pumps consist of three key components:

1. Impeller: The heart of the centrifugal pump, the impeller is a rotating disk with curved blades. As it spins, it imparts kinetic energy to the liquid.

2. Casing: The casing surrounds the impeller, creating a sealed chamber. It guides the fluid’s path and ensures efficient energy transfer.

3. Inlet and Outlet: Liquid enters the pump through the inlet, where it encounters the rapidly spinning impeller. The impeller’s rotation forces the liquid outward, creating a vortex that propels it toward the outlet.

As the liquid flows through the impeller, it experiences a drop in pressure at the center of the impeller and an increase in pressure at the outer edges. This pressure differential drives the fluid through the pump and out of the outlet, effectively converting mechanical energy into kinetic energy, which propels the liquid forward.